Present Value and Capital Budgeting - 1106 Words

Part I A. Present Value with Discount rate of 7% = 15000/(1+7%) = 15000/1.07 = $14,018.69 Present Value with Discount rate of 4% = 15000/(1+4%) = 15000/1.04 = $14,423.08 B. Account A - Present Value with Discount rate of 6% = 6500/(1+6%) = 6500/1.06 = $6,132.08 Account B - Present Value with Discount rate of 6% = 12600/(1+6%)^2 = 12600/1.1236 = $11,213.96 C. Present Value of Gold Mine 7% = 4900000/1.07 + 61,000,000/(1.07)^2 + 85,000,000/(1.07)^3 = 45,794,392.52 + 61,000,000/1.1449 + 85,000,000/1.2250 = 45,794,392.52 + 53,279,762.42 + 69,385,319.54 = $168,459,474.48 By using the same concept above we can determine the present value of Gold Mine. Present Value of Gold Mine @ 5% = 175,421,660.73 Present Value of Gold Mine†¦show more content†¦Year | Cash flow | Discount rate | Discount factor | Discounted cash flow | 0 | -$815,000 | 1% | 1.00 | -$815,000 | 1 | $141,000 | 1% | 1.01 | $139,604 | 2 | $320,000 | 1% | 1.02 | $313,695 | 3 | $440,000 | 1% | 1.03 | $427,060 | | | | Net present value | $65,358 | If the discount rate is 4%, what is this project’s net present value? Year | Cash flow | Discount rate | Discount factor | Discounted cash flow | 0 | -$815,000 | 4% | 1.00 | -$815,000 | 1 | $141,000 | 4% | 1.04 | $135,577 | 2 | $320,000 | 4% | 1.08 | $295,858 | 3 | $440,000 | 4% | 1.12 | $391,158 | | | | Net present value | $7,593 | If the discount rate is 10%, what is this project’s net present value? Year | Cash flow | Discount rate | Discount factor | Discounted cash flow | 0 | -$815,000 | 10% | 1.00 | -$815,000 | 1 | $141,000 | 10% | 1.10 | $128,182 | 2 | $320,000 | 10% | 1.21 | $264,463 | 3 | $440,000 | 10% | 1.33 | $330,579 | | | | Net present value | -$91,777 | If the discount rate is 18%, what is this project’s net present value? Year | Cash flow | Discount rate | Discount factor | Discounted cash flow | 0 | -$815,000 | 18% | 1.00 | -$815,000 | 1 | $141,000 | 18% | 1.18 | $119,492 | 2 | $320,000 | 18% |Show MoreRelatedNet Present Value and Capital Budgeting Process748 Words   |  3 Pages Introduction Investmentgt;gt;Capital Budgeting: The management of long-term (fixed) assets. Ensures investment projects create (vs destroy) value. Financegt;gt;Working capital management: The management of short-term assets and liabilities. Ensures cash inflows = cash outflows at all times. Financegt;gt;Capital Structure: The management of long-term financing. Balances debt amp; equity to maximize value. Payoutgt;gt;Dividends and Share Repurchases: The management of discretionaryRead MoreStryker: Net Present Value and Capital Budgeting Process1100 Words   |  5 Pages 1. What are the missions of CERs and the capital budgeting process at Stryker? Mission: Standardize and formalize the capital budgeting process. The CERs and capital budgeting process were implemented so that a more formal process of requesting capital expenditure and approving them would be applied. All this was put in place to support cash flow targets and maintain Stryker’s 20% growth benchmark. To what extent have they been shaped by elements of corporate finance theory? They areRead MoreCapital Budgeting Techniques Like Net Present Value1332 Words   |  6 PagesIntroduction The following paper analyzes a project from financial perspectives using the capital budgeting techniques like Net Present Value (NPV) and Internal Rate of Return (IRR). Background My dad has a textile business, involved in embroidery and painting of the fabric. I have been visiting my dad’s office complex and observing the whole process of clothes manufacture. The most important asset for the business is a large machine required for whole painting process. The existing machine withRead MoreCapital Budgeting : Budgeting Techniques817 Words   |  4 PagesCOMPARING CAPITAL BUDGETING TECHNIQUES In a company, when evaluating multiple opportunities for investment, capital budgeting is an important tool that is used. Every company has a certain amount of capital available that they need to use in the most effective way possible. Capital budgeting involves analysis techniques, planning and justifying how capital dollars are spent on long term assets and projects. It provides methods through which projects are evaluated to decide whether they make senseRead MoreEssay on Capital 20Budget 20Analysis 20Group 20P1648 Words   |  7 Pagesï » ¿ Capital Budgeting Analysis Amanda Kocanda, DeUndre’ Rushon, HuongTran, Morgan Gibreal MBA 612, Financial Strategy October 28, 2014 Bellevue University Abstract Within this paper, an overview of the general capital budgeting process and how it is implemented within organizations is defined and reported. Key terms related to capital budgeting are also defined. Risk analysis based on the Net Present Value (NPV) is performed on the salvage values before and after sales tax valuesRead MoreCapital Budgeting Process Should Be Utilized1432 Words   |  6 Pagessome type of investment(s), in the form of acquisition, and or merger. In the world of business, capital budgeting is one of the most important steps that a company or organization can take. This process is called Capital budgeting. Capital budgeting is a process that attempts to determine the future. Before any large project begins, the capital budgeting process should be utilized. Without capital budgeting, your company could make a fatal mistake. A company or organization that is looking to investRead MoreCapital Budget Process With Expansionary Versus Replacement1273 Words   |  6 P agesCapital Budget Process with Expansionary Versus Replacement This report is a comparative analysis of the capital budget process during making decision of expansionary versus replacement. With the objective it is the goal to maximize the wealth company and its shareholders. This process can include expansion or replacement or replacing them and which ones better show capital budgeting will help in processing the difference. Replacement decision concerns whether an existing asset should replaced byRead MoreP Jain School Of Global Management1202 Words   |  5 Pageswork (except where acknowledged) and has not been submitted for academic credit previously in whole or in part. a) What did you learn about capital budgeting? Capital Budgeting gives us the answer to â€Å"if it is worth putting money or capital into a project†. It is a decision making tool for a company or an individual who is looking to invest his capital and has multiple options which can be mutually exclusive or not. For example if a company is looking forward to buy a machine for its factory thenRead MoreCapital Budgeting Case Essay1167 Words   |  5 Pages1 Capital Budgeting Problem MBA612, Dr. Schieuer By: Dean Anderson, Terry Sutton, Sawan Tamang, Karuna Mishra, 2 Capital Budgeting Process: Capital budgeting (or investment appraisal) is the planning process used to determine whether an organizations long term investments such as new machinery, replacement machinery, new plants, new products, and research development projects are worth pursuing. It is budget for major capital, or investment, expenditures (SullivanRead MoreCapital Budgeting Scenarios Essay example886 Words   |  4 PagesCapital Budgeting Scenarios Shannan Coleman FIN/486 September 23, 2012 Sal Sadiq Capital Budgeting Scenarios Capital Budgeting: Proposal A – New Factory Proposal A is to build a new factory to decide if this would be a feasible move for the company they need to perform a net present value analysis. To do this they will only need to look at the incremental cash flows, which are as follows: 1. Initial investment of $10 million that will be the cost to build the new factory. 2. Sales

Factors That Affect the Time Value of Money - 1100 Words

Factors that Affect the Time Value of Money Time value of money is the concept that an amount of money in one s possession is worth more than that same amount of money promised in the future (Garrison, 2006). The reason for this is that money today can be invested to earn interest and therefore will be worth more in the future (Brealey, Myers, Marcus, 2004). This paper will explain how annuities affect time value of money (TVM) problems and investment outcomes. In addition, this paper will briefly address the impact of interest rates, present value, future value, opportunity cost and the rule of 72 on the time value of money. Annuities An annuity is an evenly spaced number of payments or money received in the same amount (Cedar†¦show more content†¦People and investment advisors often talk about doubling their money. The rule of 72 says that the time it takes and investment to double is approximately equal to 72 divided by the interest rate expressed as a percentage (Brealey, Myers, Marcus, 2004). For example, take the above example where a person received $12,000 from a rich aunt. How long would it take for that investment of $12,000 at 8% to double? It would take approximately 72/8 or 9 years to double in value. This formula works best with relatively low rates of interest and gives a close approximation of the length of time it take for money to double in value at a fixed interest rate (Brealey, Myers, Marcus, 2004). Conclusion Money is more valuable when it can be invested and earn interest than if that same amount were promised in the future. The time value of money is the basis of finance and investing. The concepts that affect the time value of money are important to understand whether it be a business manager or a household manager. These ideas and concepts are so important in today s climate of disappearing pensions, uncontrolled government spending and the likelihood that social security will not be around in 30 years. Steps should be taken to ensure that the nation s children are taught these concepts in high school and college, so that the next generation will be prepared to manage their own financial well being. References Brealey, R. A., Myers, S. C., Show MoreRelatedThe Internal Influential Factors That Affect College Students Financial Investment Tendency Essay1025 Words   |  5 PagesAnalysis on the internal influential factors that affect college students financial investment tendency 1. Introduction: Investment can be used to refer to any mechanism used for the purpose of generating future income. In an economic sense, an investment is the purchase of non-monetary asset that are not consumed today but are used in the future to create wealth, such as education investment. 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Planning for retirement is important because you need to make sure you have enough money stored up to support your lifestyle when you retire. Both things are important to help live a flexible, money-wise lifestyle. 2. List two examples of goods you have purchased in the past or may purchase in the future. (Complete sentencesRead MoreThe Fundamental Factors That Affect The Cost Of Money811 Words   |  4 PagesWeekly Discussion The four fundamental factors that affect the supply of and demand for investment capital, and hence interest rates, are productive opportunities, time preferences for consumption, risk, and inflation. Explain how each of these factors affects the cost of money. In your dicussion, explain why a hospital s bond rating is important and describe the different levels. (You can use any bond rating agency for analysis). 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We would reduce our risk because by sharing profits with our newly found partner, we would have less money that is dependent on the exchange rate of the Mexican peso. Additionally, the partnership that we would form would alleviate costs because our partner would provide a classroom to our company. This would decrease our risk because we would not needRead MoreA Research On The Demand For Money1581 Words   |  7 PagesWith the demand for money there are several behaviors in which people hold their money. There are a number of ways for people to invest and increase their wealth. This is a comparison between cash gaining interest in a checking or savings account at a bank or investing in stocks, bonds, and property. There are benefits for each individual for the amount of income they have, how much of that income they expend, and how much is available for savings or investment. Their approach will depend onRead MoreMotives For Investing Foreign Money907 Words   |  4 PagesMary Schiavone Mr. Edward Colton International Finance 04 May 2016 Chapter 3 1. Motives for Investing in Foreign Money Explain why an MNC may invest funds in a financial market outside its own country. An MNC may invest funds in a financial market outside its own country because of the ability to conduct foreign trade with business clients, direct foreign investments and acquisition of foreign real assets. Furthermore, an MNC may invest funds in foreign markets for high interest rates and the expectedRead MoreLease Vs Purchase : Lease Versus Purchase Equipment876 Words   |  4 Pagesrecapitulate the best option for the company. Time value is another aspect management must determine. Therefore, understanding the aspect of lease versus purchase equipment is essential during decision-making when adding equipment to the company’s operation. Factors involved in making a lease Before the company makes its final decision to lease instead of purchase the equipment, reviewing and understanding the following factors are important. Factors in making a lease include, but are not limitedRead MoreEssay about Goodwill Industries1092 Words   |  5 Pagesadopters of trends and they put more value on style rather than the savings itself. Bargain Hunters are the more common clientele for Goodwill stores. These are the people that go to the stores with the mindset of getting more for their money. To this clientele, the focus is on how much discount they could get on an item in comparison to getting them from regular stores. They may care about the trends as well, but their focus is more on the psychological factor of getting a deal (buying something

What Justice Means to Me Free Essays

In social institutions, justice is the very first virtue. On the other hand, truth would be considered to be of systems of thought. In the case of theories, certain revisions could be done if it is found to be untrue. We will write a custom essay sample on What Justice Means to Me or any similar topic only for you Order Now Even if the theory seems to sound elegantly, changes would be required on it. The same thing applies to laws and institutions. If these laws and institutions are untrue, they would be reformed, or worst, they would be abolished. Utilitarianism states that a moral action is the â€Å"greatest good for the greatest number of people† (Mill, 1863). But each and every individual has the ability to discern based on justice that the wellbeing of a whole society does not often overrule the wellbeing of its citizen. Justice rejects the idea that an individual could lose his freedom for the benefit of the other individuals. In a society, justice must provide the equality which the citizen or the people should receive. Their rights should be protected by justice and that inequalities are reduced, if not totally removed (Rawls, 1999). Justice for me is fairness. It is a way to give the things that is due to a person or an individual who experiences unjust treatment. Each and every individual should experience equality especially with regards to rights and liberty, comparable to that which is experienced by other people. In addition to this, if there is the presence of social and economic inequalities, it should be reformed. The inequalities should be arranged in a manner as to be rationally anticipated to be to everyone’s advantage. Also, it should be fixed as to make positions or offices open to everybody, and not only to a specific individual or group of individuals. In a case stated by Claire Andre and Manuel Velasquez, an individual named Beatrice Norton who was fourteen years old worked in a cotton mill just like her mother. Few years after, she had stopped from working due to problems with regards to her health. Exposure to the cotton dust in the cotton mill had resulted to a disease called â€Å"brown lung†. â€Å"Brown lung† can is a chronic disease, and if it gets out of hand, it could be fatal. The symptoms of brown lung are similar to asthma and emphysema. Due to this disease, she was not able to work anymore and provide money for herself and to her family. As such, she asks for the government’s help in giving justice to what she had experienced. More specifically, she wanted to receive stability compensations from the government. Another case talks about Mrs. Vinnie Ellison’s husband who also worked in a cotton mill. Her husband had experienced difficulties in breathing and her husband’s health was in serious problem fulfilling his job due to this. Mrs. Ellison’s husband was fired because of this. Aside from being jobless, Mrs. Ellison’s husband had no pension, as such, they had difficulty living (Andre and Velasquez, Spring 1990). In these two incidents or cases, both Beatrice Norton and Mrs. Vinnie Elison, only wanted what is due to them or to their loved one. They wanted to be treated equally or fairly as to what they had experienced. They had worked for the cotton mill for years and morally speaking, the victims should be given compensations or financial help. In this way, their efforts, labor and loyalty to the company could be rewarded. In a just society, they should not be treated indifferently and that justice should protect them as well, just like how it protects other laborers or workers experiencing other diseases. As a Criminal Justice professional, I would see to it that they would be given what’s due to them. I would try to investigate and check if there’s any fault, mistake, neglects or shortcomings done by either Beatrice Norton and Mrs. Vinnie Elison or the cotton mill. I could readily give help or assistance to the victims of the â€Å"brown lung† in receiving at least a small compensation to pay for their medications. The improvement of their health could also be pushed through as deliberations and investigations go on. I would also help in granting pension to these victims if it is found that they had not committed any shortcomings as to endanger their own selves to the disease. In the case of the cotton mill, I could assist them in finding a suitable compensation or pension for the victims without incurring much loss to the mill. Their policies could also be revised in order to adapt to these problems in the future. Certain safety regulations can be pushed through the court for the cotton mill to create or improve existing health or safety regulations so that the well-being of the workers could be addressed. If the court finds that the victims did not follow such regulations then, they may not receive what they want fully since it is not due to them. Distributing wealth and good things in life that is equally deserved by one could be thought through common sense be given based on moral desert. Justice is happiness according to virtue. While it is recognized that this ideal can never be fully carried out, it is the appropriate conception of distributive justice, at least as a prima facie. As a Criminal Justice professional that considers that justice is fairness, this conception is already eliminated or disregarded. Identifying the necessary criteria in this situation seems to be impossible. In addition to this, from the point of view of distributing according to virtue, moral desert and legitimate expectations are neither eminent nor identifiable. Therefore, it can be a fact that individuals who take part in certain arrangements receive claims from one another because of the existing agreements which were made. In the case of the â€Å"brown lung† cancer, certain agreements could be arranged in order to come up with a fair decision that would not push one side to the losing end. By creating an agreement between the two conflicting identities, they could receive claims and equality or fairness can be served. Furthermore, the principles of justice as fairness that maintains a fundamental structure do not pertain to moral desert. Through justice as fairness, there would be no predisposition of share distribution that would keep up a correspondence with it. How to cite What Justice Means to Me, Papers

Consumer Behavior for Urbanization Structure- myassignmenthelp

Question: Discuss about theConsumer Behavior for Urbanization Structure. Answer: Introduction The report states that with the emerging trend in the urbanisation the scenario of the market and thereafter the overall country has been changed. The three premium trend has been discussed which include the population, life spam and lifestyle of the Australian citizens. The changing trend is based on the increasing globalisation scenario which gave birth to the online business and changing purchasing behaviour and habit of the consumers. The decision-making the quality of the consumer is enhanced. Thereafter the theories of consumer behaviour have been discussed in brief also that the marketer has the knowledge about how the consumer might behave and in what manner the marketer could deal with it positively and firmly. Urbanization structure The urbanization is the socialising and progression of rural life into the urban life. It is basically depicting the increased standard of living and growing status of the people in various countries. Arguing upon the future trend there are approximately 10 various trends which involve the demographic and social trends which affect the population and lifestyle of the Australia. The future predictions have been made and estimation for 2020 has been undertaken. The first and foremost trend that is seen to be increased is a boom in the population. In the year 2000, the population of Australia was 19 million and the population growth rate fall down by 1.2%. By the year 2009, the population growth rate was twice and it crossed the margins of 22 million populations. It is expected that by the year 2020 the population of Australia might hit the level of 27 million. The reason behind the increased population is the increase in a number of migrants within the nation and also due to the high b irth rate. Another emerging trend towards the urbanisation is ageing of the people that are the life expectancy of the citizens of Australia. In the year 1950, the population was around 7.9 million in which the people within the age of 65-75 were 5.8% that depicts the life expectancy of around 77 years. By the year 2010, the population grew to 22.3 million under which 7.6% population fall within the age group of 65-75 which resulted in increased life expectancy around 85 years. It is expected that on reaching the year 2050 the population will around 40 million were 10.6% population is counted within the age group of 65-75 which states that life expectancy in 2050 might reach the mark of 90years (Hornsby, 2017). The third emerging and popular trend is the lifestyle that Australian people carry. People in Australia love to hang out at the iconic beaches and celebrating the success without any worries and carrying the ego and attitude. With the emerging trend in the 21st century, the new sophistication has come up with the innovative and technological development. The world culture and lifestyle of the people have changed and they believe in celebrating the moments and became the culture clings. With the increasing population, the traditions and history of the culture have also been depicted to create the interest among the people to know more about the country and its values (Commonwealth of Australia, 2014). Impact of consumer behaviour The changing and emerging population and culture of the nation directly influence the lifestyle of people and with the growing spam of life and increasing standardisation the purchasing power of the consumer has also increased along with the tastes and fashion. In todays time, the consumers are not having the time to visit the differential stores for making divergent purchases. In the phase where liberalisation, privatisation and globalisation have emerged successfully there the import and export business are also flourishing and with the increasing EX-IM products the varieties and thereby the wide choices are made open in front of the consumers (Dobbs et al. 2016). With the opening of hypermarkets and supermarkets like Woolworth and Wesfarmers the tip to toe everything is made available under the single roof. People visit a single place which is technically known as organised retail markets. It fulfils all the needs of the consumer and even fulfils the entertainment purpose as well. Also after the evolution and emergence of online shopping people wisely make the purchasing decision and compare the products and services accordingly (Cohen, 2017). With the increase in awareness and enhancing knowledge new aspects of shopping are come up constantly. The research has stated that with the initiation of online shopping people have stopped purchasing out. Even the decision-making element of the consumer is changed, they prefer to make online purchases as the quality and reviews of the product are authentic and by making a comparison the best choice can be made and in case if the product does not suites the return policy are also easy and quick. The complaints could be posted and the immediate resolution and refund are given which makes the shopping fun and time-saving. With the introduction of urbanisation, the consumer behaviour has changed a lot. The study has shown that there is around 67% increase in the online shopping and the reason that rests beside is it is a convenient mode and there is security in making purchases as the sites paves the way to cash on delivery as well, in case if the people fear the leakage of bank and other monetary information (Yadav, 2016). Theories of consumer behaviour The consumer behaviour theories have been invented which assists in understanding the human behaviour in the better way. Whilst analysing the consumer behaviour the marketers can make wise choices in promoting the product and what manner the advertisement should be presented to attract maximum consumers in order to increase the sales and gaining major profit (Bernstein, 2016). For understanding the consumer behaviour thoroughly there is need to understand certain theories as discussed above. Other than this to select the market and the manner in which the consumer can be dealt the target market need to be made to analyse the choice, trend, purchasing power and desire of the consumers. Consumer behaviour could be analysed and targeted through the customer oriented strategies. Applying these strategies the market segmentation takes place and then the niche market or the ignored portion of the market is targeted. The consumer behaviour is the dynamic process their tastes changes with the innovation of something new. Their needs are never satisfied and it involves the study of various people. The decision making technique of the consumer is involved which depicts the factor that affects the decision portions of the consumers. The consumer behaviour also involves the emotional and coping aspects to arrive the buying decisions. The consumer referrals also play c rucial role in arriving to the decision. This lead towards the positioning of the brand and hence the development of marketer takes place (Hoyer, Macinnis Pieters, 2013). Conclusion Therefore, from the entire report, it could be concluded that with the increasing urbanisation the trends of population, lifestyle and lifespan of the Australian citizens are also changing. This has resulted in the diversifying consumer behaviour. With the introduction of LPG, the scope and awareness among the consumers have increased and market scenario has changed over time from local retailers to organised retail stores and now the era of online marketing and e-business has taken over the market. To understand the consumer behaviour is all time striking question which could be eased by using the consumer behaviour theories given by the researcher for creating the better understanding in the context of human behaviour. References Becattini, G. (2017). ? The Marshallian industrial district as a socio-economic notion?.Revue d'conomie industrielle, (1), 13-32. Bernstein. A. (2016). Consumer psychology: theories behind the science of marketing. Viewed on 27th September 2017. https://online.husson.edu/consumer-behavior-theories/. Cohen. G. (2017). Relevant marketing consumer behaviour theories. Viewed on 27th September 2017. https://smallbusiness.chron.com/relevant-marketing-consumer-behavior-theories-20800.html. Commonwealth of Australia. (2014). Trends: infrastructure and transport to 2030. Department of infrastructure and regional development. Australia. Dobbs. R. et al. (2016). Urban world: the global consumers to watch. Viewed on 27th September 2017. https://www.mckinsey.com/global-themes/urbanization/urban-world-the-global-consumers-to-watch. Gray, J. A., Eysenck, H. J. (Eds.). (2017).Pavlov's Typology: Recent Theoretical and Experimental Developments from the Laboratory of BM Teplov Institute of Psychology, Moscow(Vol. 1). Elsevier. Hornsby. (2017). 2020: looking to the future. Viewed on 27th September 2017. https://www.hornsby.nsw.gov.au/media/documents/our-community/community-atlas/2020-Looking-to-the-Future-trends-impacting-Aust-and-Hornsby-LGA.pdf. Hoyer, Maccins Pieters. (2013). Consumer Behavior. Cengage learning. Boston. McDonald, M., Gough, B., Wearing, S., Deville, A. (2017). Social Psychology, Consumer Culture and Neoliberal Political Economy.Journal for the Theory of Social Behaviour. Rauch, S. L., Milad, M. R., Marci, C. D., Roffman, J. L., Pitman, R. K. (2017). Fear Conditioning Models and Psychoanalysis: from Theory to Treatment. Yadav. P. (2016). Urbanisation and changing consumer behaviour: the Indian story. Viewed on 27th September 2017. https://mpk732t12016clusterb.wordpress.com/2016/04/04/urbanisation-and-changing-consumer-behaviour-the-indian-story/.