Insomnia Essays - GABAA Receptor Positive Allosteric Modulators

A sleeping disorder Essays - GABAA Receptor Positive Allosteric Modulators Sleep deprivation Sleep deprivation is brought about by ordinary circumstances including enthusiastic boundaries of bliss or uneasiness. Despite the fact that the term a sleeping disorder truly converts into no rest, it is utilized by the vast majority to portray inconvenience nodding off or staying unconscious. The outcome of this is being not able to work just as normal the next day. Around one out of three American grown-ups says the individual in question is a helpless sleeper and one of every six says the issue is very genuine. Sleep deprivation knows no limits it can influence the youthful and old male or female. Rest masters recognize among three kinds of sleep deprivation: transient, present moment and ceaseless. Transient a sleeping disorder is the experience of a night or two of helpless rest. Most likely everybody experiences it from time to time. Frequently individuals who experience transient a sleeping disorder whine of trouble in concentrating, exhaustion and crabbiness the next day. Resting in a bizarre bed may in any event, welcome on transient sleep deprivation. The vast majority don't rest very just as common their first night from home, regardless of whether it is a lovely visit to a companions house or an excursion or under the distressing states of an emergency clinic remain. Momentary a sleeping disorder includes rest unsettling influences that keep going for a little while. Here, progressing worry at school, work or home is regularly the explanation: agonizing over evaluations, learning of your folks looming divorce or having a genuine disease or passing in the family are for the most part occasions that trigger momentary a sleeping disorder. Constant a sleeping disorder is helpless rest that last longer than three weeks. This type of a sleeping disorder is a mind boggling jumble with numerous potential causes and besets in excess of 35 million Americans. While a great many people accuse this for stress, the utilization of energizers may likewise be to blame. It is generally simple to pinpoint the explanations behind transient and momentary sleep deprivation. That isn't the situation for constant a sleeping disorder, which may keep going for a considerable length of time disturbing rest most or consistently. Quick travel across many time regions upset the inward tickers that direct the planning of dozing and waking. Thus, inconvenience in dozing around evening time just as remaining conscious for the duration of the day is regularly called stream slack yet is really a type of sleep deprivation. Stress without a doubt assumes a key job in a sleeping disorder, especially for youngsters and individuals in their 20s and 30s, however is in no way, shape or form the main guilty party. As referenced before energizers are additionally answerable for instances of a sleeping disorder. Despite the fact that caffeine close to sleep time may not meddle with nodding off, it might trigger arousals later. Caffeine related fixings are found in soda pops, chocolate, espresso and solid tea. Nicotine is likewise an energizer and it has been indicated that smokers take more time to nod off and rest more gently than non-smokers. Nicotine might be found in numerous ordinarily utilized medications, including non-physician recommended drugs for weight reduction, asthma and colds. Liquor, which is now and then utilized as a nightcap to actuate rest, may likewise act to make rest increasingly delicate for the duration of the night. Commotion is likewise a reason for a sleeping disorder, passing traffic outside your window, planes flying by overhead, or your TV left on during your rest may upset your rest despite the fact that you dont stir totally. Some master accept that having a repetitive sound as a fan or the static of a radio to veil the upsetting sounds can go about as a shield against any sort of unexpected clamor that could shock you out of rest. In any event, when your eyes are shut, light despite everything comes through and this ag ain may not stir you however will cause for a less steady condition of rest. Agony is additionally a purpose behind a sleeping disorder, issue, for example, joint pain, back injury, cerebral pain and numerous different types of distress may likewise steamed rest. An across the nation investigation of 8,000 patients looking for treatment at rest issue places shows that physical issues, for example, issue with breathing or over dynamic leg muscles represent over portion of all cases in constant a sleeping disorder. This surprising discovering makes rest experts believe that a sleeping disorder isn't generally a sickness however a side effect, much like a fever or cerebral pain. A sleeping disorder can take significant costs on a family with a part who experiences a sleeping disorder the individual can be peevish, on edge and have debilitated fixation and

Industrial V.S. Pastoral Essay Example for Free

Mechanical V.S. Peaceful Essay No other book has ever constructed me need to be a rancher more (or by any stretch of the imagination) than The Omnivore’s Dilemma by Michael Pollan. No other book has put such a foreboding shadow of fate and misery over such an apparently basic theme, for example, food creation. I’m obviously not discussing two indistinguishable models. One model is of mechanical agribusiness differentiated by peaceful horticulture. In his examination Michael Pollan visited ranches of the two styles, became more acquainted with the on location tasks, followed the food to its definitive goal, lastly ate a dinner made with the very fixings he went through seven days researching. Michael portrays the homestead claimed by George Naylor, which is of the mechanical model, as being genuinely simple as far as physical work however amazingly troublesome in the investigator work. Investigator work for the most part isn’t something that gets raised regularly when discussing ranches; here it is alluding to the journalistic following that Michael Pollan had to do with Mr. Naylor’s staple yield corn. The trouble in following a bushel of corn from the Naylor ranch is his corn, alongside most of corn developed in the U. S. will in the end up in for all intents and purposes all that we eat and use. He makes a spectacular showing of portraying this stream of corn and how it back and forth movements for the duration of our lives dissolving any dietary association we once may have needed to nature. Nature is after every one of the a framework dependent on decent variety and here we see a whole country based on and powered by a solitary plant. The carbon in our t issue has even been tried and the discoveries were we are, after water, predominately corn. I was beginning to feel that there were such a large number of sections in this book about corn! It simply continued onward and going yet once I understood the amount it is laced in our lives and how maybe this is the main record of somebody enlightening that fact it began to appear to be essential. As those carbon tests demonstrated we are what we eat, Pollan appears in his book we are what we eat eats. Similarly as decent variety is the zest of life in an environment so too is it important for the physical wellbeing of creatures. We people realize that quite well and apply it promptly to our own weight control plans yet what happens when we don’t permit nature to run its course in the dinners of our suppers? The wholesome substance endures tremendously; to where our whole thought of sound nourishments is slanted. A model utilized by Pollan is our concept of the healthful substance in red meat and fish. It is viewed as undeniable that an overabundance of red meat will cause a wide range of medical issues. Similarly it is essentially realized that most fish, particularly salmon, is wealthy in the great omega 3 fats and ought to be a staple of our weight control plans. Omega 3 fats are delivered in the leaves of plants while omega 6 fats are created in the seeds of plants. In the event that a dairy animals was grass taken care of he would deliver a more advantageous steak than the filet of a ranch raised salmon. This is on the grounds that that salmon is in all probability raised on corn. One would feel that the other side of this coin would be a natural homestead. Well that equivalent individual would most likely be exceptionally stunned to peruse what Michael Pollan needed to state about natural. Individuals may even feel tricked by places like Whole Foods. As it is depicted in the book natural ought to sensibly be perused â€Å"industrial organic† for the homesteads and slaughterhouses are not really unique by any means. Indeed, rather than controlling it onto an entirely different track the natural standards and guidelines just make it that a lot harder to run a customary mechanical activity. What the creator appears as the direct opposite to modern is peaceful. In this segment he visits the polyface homestead of Joel Salatin which is suggestive of a ranch you may discover in the film Babe. It is really a gigantic alleviation to find out about on the grounds that as yet in the book you are beginning to address if this sort of ranch even exists. In this equal universe monoculture is a dirty word and the practices found in modern food creation are completely indefensible. This model copies nature consequently it is intricate and related; every single plant and creature are so weaved in each other’s presence it truly makes one wonder ‘what started things out the chicken or the egg? ’ But that is the general purpose of polyface cultivating. Just through decent variety (and staying in the neighborhood advertise) can supportable farming be accomplished. Or on the other hand put another way, the entirety of our natural/agrarian issues start from endeavoring to make a monoculture biological system. Ruminants munch the grass biting about ? of the cutting edge while at the same time dropping dairy animals pies. The base piece of the grass that bovines don't eat is supported by the chickens that follow in the foot prints before them. Around this time the dairy animals patties begin to become ready with hatchlings which become additional protein for the chickens. While the chickens scratch around the bovine fertilizer they thus spread the compost for the rancher. This is just a little bit of the pie as far as the communications between all species that live and chip away at polyface. This is additionally one of the patterns of nature that whenever left to its own devises douses the ranchers requirement for pesticides and other destructive synthetic compounds. Salatin could be viewed as the conductor while the various life forms of the homestead are the performers and the instruments; he perceives how nature works and ensures all the conditions are great and helps nature along. With his numerous creations and peculiar hopeful demeanor one can’t help however picture an animation character. A few times all through the perusing I was helped to remember the modern unrest; and not on the grounds that the mechanical evolved way of life was resulting from it. I thought that it was intriguing how the modern natural way of life took after the mechanical transformation in conditions as it were. It was depressing, mechanical, and the conditions the creatures are kept in are simply frightful and unsanitary. The mass flood of human advancement and change that came out of the modern insurgency is missing from that food framework yet are completely present at polyface. Clearly this is only one ranch so the relationship may be powerless however I feel the states of this one homestead, whenever reproduced and increased, could deliver some astonishing thoughts and move positive change.

Determining If a Number Is Prime

Deciding whether a Number Is Prime A prime number is a numeral that is more prominent than 1 and can't be separated equitably by some other number aside from 1 and itself. In the event that a number can be isolated uniformly by some other number not including itself and 1, it isn't prime and is alluded to as a composite number. Elements versus Products When working with prime numbers, understudies should realize the distinction among elements and products. These two terms are effortlessly befuddled, yet factors are numbers that can be partitioned equitably into the given number, while products are the aftereffects of duplicating that number by another. Furthermore, prime numbers are entire numbers that must be more prominent than one, and therefore, zero and one are not viewed as prime numbers, nor is any number under zero; the number two is the primary prime number, as it must be separated without anyone else and the number 1. Utilizing Factorization Utilizing a procedure called factorization, mathematicians can rapidly decide if a number is prime. To utilize factorization, you have to realize that a factor is any number that can be duplicated by another number to get a similar outcome. For example, the prime components of the number 10 are 2 and 5 on the grounds that these entire numbers can be increased by each other to rise to 10. In any case, 1 and 10 are likewise viewed as elements of 10 since they can be increased by each other to rise to 10. This is communicated in the prime variables of 10 as 5 and 2 since both 1 and 10 are not prime numbers. A simple route for understudies to utilize factorization to decide whether a number is prime is by giving them solid checking things like beans, fastens, or coins. They can utilize these to partition objects into ever-littler gatherings. For instance, they could partition 10 marbles into two gatherings of five or five gatherings of two. Utilizing a Calculator In the wake of utilizing the solid strategy as depicted in the past segment, understudies can utilize adding machines and the idea of detachability to decide if a number is prime. Have understudies take an adding machine and key in the number to decide if it is prime. The number should separate into an entire number. For instance, take the number 57. Have understudies isolate the number by 2. They will see that the remainder is 27.5, which isn't a considerably number. Presently have them partition 57 by 3. They will see that this remainder is an entire number: 19. In this way, 19 and 3 are components of 57, which is, at that point, not a prime number. Different Methods Another approach to discover if a number is prime is by utilizing a factorization tree, where understudies decide the regular factorsâ of different numbers. For example, if an understudy is considering the number 30, she could start with 10 x 3 or 15 x 2. For each situation, she keeps on considering 10 (2 x 5) and 15 (3 x 5). The final product will yield a similar prime components: 2, 3 and 5 since 5 x 3 x 2 30, as does 2 x 3 x 5. Straightforward division with pencil and paper can likewise be a decent strategy for showing youthful students how to decide prime numbers. To start with, isolate the number by two, at that point by three, four, and five if none of those components yields an entire number. This strategy is valuable to help somebody simply heading out to comprehend what makes a number prime.

A response to the infamous reality television SAT essay prompt

For anyone not familiar with the controversy, the full question, which was given to about a third of test-takers on Saturday 3/12, is as follows (from the website of the Washington Post): â€Å"Reality television programs, which feature real people engaged in real activities rather than professional actors performing scripted scenes, are increasingly popular. These shows depict ordinary people competing in everything from singing and dancing to losing weight, or just living their everyday lives. Most people believe that the reality these shows portray is authentic, but they are being misled. How authentic can these shows be when producers design challenges for the participants and then editors alter filmed scenes? â€Å"Do people benefit from forms of entertainment that show so-called reality, or are such forms of entertainment harmful?   If you just glance at the question, its pretty easy to understand why people are so outraged. But its not actually that simple. Part of the problem is that many people unfamiliar with the SAT are unaware of the difference in importance between the background to the prompt and the prompt itself (in bold).  The background is designed to explain the question, to put it in some context; it is not intended to limit the kind of responses that test-takers can provide. In fact, it can be ignored completely with no ill consequences. If the background consists of a quote by a famous physicist, for example, students are not expected to know anything about physics to answer the question. The same holds true here. The question alone, when read separately from the prompt, is actually a serious question about the relationship between art and life, truth and fiction, and the moral role of entertainment in a society. It of course lends itself quite well to examples about reality TV, but not to the exclusion of other examples, even literary or historical ones. If you look closely at the wording of the question, it asks about forms of entertainment that show, not  television shows. Someone   could easily write about   Michael Moores documentaries, or Norman Rockwells idealized images of American society, or Jenny Fields autobiography in John Irvings  The World According to Garp  (one of my all-time favorite books, and one that works for just about every imaginable SAT essay). It takes a little more thought than usual to come with examples (no, you cant just stick MLK or Hitler into this one), but it can certainly be done. For the record, the College Board has asked questions that can only be answered with contemporary examples before: Should people make more of an effort to be involved in their communities? is one. Is creativity needed more in the world today? is another. No one ever harangued the SAT for pandering to kids who do a lot of community service on the one hand or a lot of art on the other. Though Ill readily admit that this isnt quite the same thing, when you consider only the question itself, its not all that far off either. Im not quite letting the College Board off the hook here, though; even if the question alone was acceptable, the construction of the overall prompt is  just a bit too narrow for comfort. It is, after all, phrased in such a way that people unfamiliar with what the College Board expects of them might feel obligated to write about reality TV, even if thats not the case at all. Its one thing to include a quote by a physicist; its something very different to explicitly refer to popular culture, which most teenagers are in fact familiar with. Someone who doesnt know much about reality TV or the SAT might therefore be inclined to panic, even if he or she is perfectly capable of coming up with one or two decent examples under different, less stressful circumstances. So yes, obviously someone who spends a lot of time watching reality TV is going to have more examples immediately spring to mind than someone who barely watches television. That said, however, the former does not necessarily have an advantage; test-takers who spend most of their time watching reality television are probably going to have far weaker writing skills than those who spend most of their time reading, say, Dickens. And competent writing and an organized structure with decent examples will always win out over great examples combined with a chaotic structure and sloppy writing. But I still think that the College Board screwed up on this one. By attempting to be relevant, however misguidedly so, the College Board has, incredibly enough, made itself an even larger object of scorn. The next time it dips its toe into the arena of the culture wars, it needs to do so a little more carefully. Or better yet, play it safe and keep asking about the nature of heroism and the existence of free will.

The Adventures of Huckleberry Finn by Mark Twain - 872 Words

The Bildungsroman and the Picaresque Traditions in the Lives of Huck and Jim Mark Twain was an author to many great novels; many of which gained international fame. However, none of his novels had as much popularity to the American society as the novel, The Adventures of Huckleberry Finn. In the novel, Twain was able to show many episodic plots that occurred while Huck and Jim were traveling through the Mississippi River. The episodic plots proved the novel to have elements of both the Bildungsroman tradition and the Picaresque tradition. The Bildungsroman tradition and the Picaresque tradition have two entirely different meanings and purposes, but Twain was able to merge these two elements into one novel.. By interweaving the traditions, Twain was able to show us, that the Mississippi River played a real role in the lives of Huck and Jim. The two were able to develop a strong friendship, but Huck was also able to mature as an individual and learned to accept people for who they are and not how society depicts them to be. What is picaresque? Picaresque is an episodic plot that allow the reader to explore many aspects situations that the author can satirized to solve problems. Twain was able to well illustrate to readers that The Adventures of Huckleberry Finn contains many passages of the picaresque tradition. Twain interweaves many uses of picaresque throughout the novel. â€Å"Well last I pulled out some of my hair, and blooded the ax good, and stuck it on the back side,Show MoreRelatedThe Adventures of Huckleberry Finn by Mark Twain830 Words   |  3 PagesThe Adventures of Huckleberry Finn by Mark Twain is â€Å"A Great American Novel†, because of its complexity and richness. Twain writes dialogue that brings his characters to life. He creates characters with unique voice and helps the reader connect to the book. Anyone who reads it is forced to develop feelings for each character. Even though there is a great amount of controversy over the use of some choices, such as the â€Å"n word†, it makes the book more realis tic. In the beginning of the novel Huck,Read MoreThe Adventures Of Huckleberry Finn By Mark Twain1103 Words   |  5 PagesDmitri Van Duine Jr English Mr. Nelson November 27th The Adventures of Huckleberry Finn: Huck Finn and Tom Sawyer The Adventures of Huckleberry Finn, Written by Mark Twain filled his stories with many examples of satire as to convey a message while also writing an interesting story. The Adventures of Huckleberry Finn revolves around the adventures of a young boy called Huckleberry Finn, who is about thirteen years old. Tom Sawyer is Huck’s best friend and around the same age as Huck. He is onlyRead MoreThe Adventures Of Huckleberry Finn By Mark Twain Essay1055 Words   |  5 PagesZambrano Mrs. Patmor AP Lit-Period 5 28 September 2016 Adventures of Huckleberry Finn 1835 Mark Twain embodies realism in almost every aspect of his writing not excluding The Adventures of Huckleberry Finn, which in he portrays such a lifelike setting that it almost gives you this sense of reality through the point of view of a young man that has an urge for freedom yet struggles to conform to society s norms due to his adolescence. Twain s ability to unmask the true identities of the charactersRead MoreThe Adventures Of Huckleberry Finn By Mark Twain931 Words   |  4 PagesWolski Mrs. Goska English 2H Period 3 22 October 2014 The Adventures of Huckleberry Finn Mob mentality is the way an individual’s decisions become influenced by the often unprincipled actions of a crowd. Mark Twain penned The Adventures of Huckleberry Finn. Twain grew up in America’s southern states during the early 1800’s, a time in which moral confusion erupted within the minds of humans. The Adventures of Huckleberry Finn s protagonist is a young boy named Huck who freely travels alongRead MoreThe Adventures Of Huckleberry Finn By Mark Twain1375 Words   |  6 Pagesmention the years spent growing and maturing physically. Teenagers are stuck in an inbetween state where they must learn who they want to become and what they want to be when they grow older. The same is true for Huckleberry Finn, from the book â€Å"The Adventures of Huckleberry Finn† by Mark Twain. This is a book that was written in a time of great confusion over moral codes and standards. It was a world split in half by two different worlds of people; those who opposed, a nd those who promoted slavery.Read MoreThe Adventures Of Huckleberry Finn By Mark Twain2083 Words   |  9 PagesSatire in Huckleberry Finn In the novel â€Å"The Adventures of Huckleberry Finn† by Mark Twain, we are told a story about a young boy and his slave companion’s journey down the Mississippi River and all of their encounters with other characters. Twain constructed a beautiful narrative on how young Huck Finn, the protagonist in the story, learns about the world and from other adult characters, how he is shaped into his own person. At the time this book was made however, this novel provided serious socialRead MoreMark Twain and The Adventures of Huckleberry Finn1575 Words   |  6 Pages Mark Twain and The Adventures of Huckleberry Finn Controversy Mark Twain, born Samuel Langhorne Clemens, is a highly recognizable figure in American literature. Born in Florida, Missouri Mark Twain and his family moved to Hannibal, Missouri where Twain discovered and fell in love with the mighty Mississippi River. The river and his life in Hannibal became his inspiration and guiding light in most of his writing. Although Twain loved the river and did a great deal of traveling, he eventuallyRead MoreThe Adventures Of Huckleberry Finn By Mark Twain1005 Words   |  5 Pages In the Adventures of Huckleberry Finn written by Mark Twain in the 19th century is about a young boy named Huck Finn and Jim, a runaway slave who go on an adventure. The two travel on a raft along the Mississippi river creating a bond and making memories. Mark Twain presents Huckleberry Finn as a dynamic character who at first views Jim as property and eventually considers Jim as a friend, showing a change in maturity. In the beginning of the book, Huck Finn clearly sees Jim as nothing more thanRead MoreThe Adventures Of Huckleberry Finn By Mark Twain1335 Words   |  6 Pagesyear The Adventures of Huckleberry Finn is placed in the top ten banned books in America. People find the novel to be oppressing and racially insensitive due to its frequent use of the n-word and the portrayal of blacks as a Sambo caricature. However, this goes against Mark Twain’s intent of bringing awareness to the racism in America. The Adventures of Huckleberry Finn by Mark Twain is classified under the genre of satire and is narrated by a fictional character named Huckleberry Finn. The novelRead MoreThe Adventures Of Huckleberry Finn By Mark Twain810 Words   |  4 PagesBefore Mark Twain started to write two of his most famous novels, The Adventures of Tom Sawyer and Adventures of Huckleberry Finn, Mark was known to use his characters to display his own thoughts and opinions. â€Å"This device allowed him to s ay just about anything he wanted, provided he could convincingly claim he was simply reporting what others had said.† (Twain, 1283). Mark Twain used this process to be a foundation of his lectures, by manipulating his popularly with his readers. During the story

Plato vs Isocrates Essay - 1747 Words

Plato encouraged in his writings that the view that sophists were concerned with was â€Å"the manipulative aspects of how humans acquire knowledge.† (Lecture) Sophists believed that only provisional or probable knowledge was available to humans but both Plato and Isocrates did not agree with a lot of what the Sophists had to say. They both believed in wisdom and having a connection with rhetoric but vary in defining wisdom in itself. Wisdom for Socrates and Plato is having an understanding of speech, knowledge of truth and being able to question the speaker in order to seek and reveal truth. Isocrates defined wisdom as having a sense of integrity and character along with the ambition and ability to speak well with others. Socrates†¦show more content†¦(167) One who knows knowledge, more so, one who loves wisdom, delivers their wisdom, knowledge and understanding to others. Since wisdom is the understanding of speech, knowing truth and questioning credibility, rhetoric does not produce knowledge. It delivers the knowledge to others. Being wise is being able to recognize and acknowledge the hidden truth of speech and creating a sense of understanding with that knowledge. Socrates and Plato differ from Isocrates by believing that rhetoric, which distributes wisdom, comes from the soul. â€Å"The man whose rhetorical teaching is a real art will explain accurately the nature of that to which his words are to be addressed, and that is the soul.† (163) Ones soul is affected by decisions made by the human form and also by those interacting with the soul. The wise man’s soul contains wisdom, truth and intelligence. Thus, by interacting with a bad soul or a soul with bad intent lowers to soul of a just and wise man. Since rhetoric is distributing knowledge to others, the soul should be used when making hard and uncertain decisions. The soul of a wise person holds ultimate truth and its human form knows how to seek out knowledge and understanding to find ultimate truth by ways of questioning. To the contrary, Isocrates believes that wisdom has nothing to do with the soul and the heavens, for he claims that the gods in the heavens have disputes.

Animal Observation Short Stories Essay Example For Students

Animal Observation Short Stories Essay All of the essays have one thing in common, they all deal with observing animals. And with their observation comes at times interaction. They might mingle with these animals. Or the observers would just sit there and do what they are supposed to, observe.Our race, is naturally curious and interested in the unknown. In other words what we do not know or understand we try to understand. We try to understand our surroundings. In doing this, we would have gained knowledge. In Mowats essay, Observing Wolves, Mowat attempts to make first contact by urinating his territory. And he observes the wolves social structure. He know that the wolves are observing him as well in his essay. And he wonders if they would act the way they do around humans. In Goodalls essay, First Observations, Goodall makes actual physical contact with one of the chimpazees. But she does nothing to try to get closer to them. Instead she goes on a scientific approach towards the situation. She observes the chimpazees actually eating meat. She was extremely surprised because the rest of the world thought that chimpazees were vegetarians. She also observed the chimpazees making the use of tools. Such as sticking a blade of grass into a termite mound to get at the insects. In Booths essay, ;The Social Lives of Dolphins;, Booth draws a parallel between the lives of dolphins and the lives of chimpazees. He compares the two creatures showing their likenesses. With some minor differences. This essay is based on observations of another group as well, who were Conner and Smolker (undergraduate students 1982). With the work of all the observers, it seem that even though we have been on this earth for a million years. We are now just beginning to understand it. The essays seems to say ;We are beginning to understand ourselves.; .

Sunk Cost free essay sample

In economics and business decision-making, sunk costs are retrospective (past) costs that have already been incurred and cannot be recovered. Sunk costs are sometimes contrasted with prospective costs, which are future costs that may be incurred or changed if an action is taken. Both retrospective and prospective costs may be either fixed (continuous for as long as the business is in operation and unaffected by output volume) or variable (dependent on volume) costs. Note, however, that many economists consider it a mistake to classify sunk costs as fixed or variable. For example, if a firm sinks $1 million on an enterprise software installation, that cost is sunk because it was a one-time thing and cannot be recovered once expended. A fixed cost would be monthly payments made as part of a service contract or licensing deal with the company that set up the software. The upfront irretrievable payment for the installation should not be deemed a fixed cost, with its cost spread out over time. We will write a custom essay sample on Sunk Cost or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page Sunk costs should be kept separate. The variable costs for this project might include data centre power usage, etc. In traditional microeconomic theory, only prospective (future) costs are relevant to an investment decision. Traditional economics proposes that economic actors should not let sunk costs influence their decisions. Doing so would not be rationally assessing a decision exclusively on its own merits. Alternatively, a decision-maker might make rational decisions according to their own incentives, outside of efficiency or profitability. This is considered to be an incentive problem and is distinct from a sunk cost problem. Evidence from behavioral economics suggests this theory fails to predict real-world behavior. Sunk costs do, in fact, influence actors decisions because humans are prone to loss aversion and framing effects. In light of such cognitive quirks, it is unsurprising that people frequently fail to behave in ways that economists deem rational. Sunk costs should not affect the rational decision-makers best choice. However, until a decision-maker irreversibly commits resources, the prospective cost is an avoidable future cost and is properly included in any decision-making processes. For example, if one is considering preordering movie tickets, but has not actually purchased them yet, the cost remains avoidable.

Reacting to Injustice

Reacting to Injustice Free Online Research Papers HOW DO PEOPLE REACT TO THE INJUSTICES THEY HAVE BEEN VICTIMS OF? Different people react to different injustices in different ways. Some react suddenly without thinking, others react while thinking of the consequences, while still others accept the facts and submit to them. VIOLENT AND ANGRY REACTIONS: In this book, some people react violently, without thinking of the consequences of neither that reaction nor whom they are reacting to. Uncle Hammer is one of them. We can see that when Cassie comes home from Strawberry and tells Uncle Hammer that Mr. Simms threw her off the side-walk, at hearing this, Uncle Hammer becomes really angry and starts towards the Simms house to get revenge. He takes that action without even thinking of the consequences, he becomes emotional and acts under his emotions. He is not wise or calm. Another example is Little Man in the part where he gets his new book and when he reads the inside cover of it, he throws it on the floor and stomps on it. This was an angry and violent reaction to the name, ‘nigger’, which the whites called him and all the blacks. Some people react angrily, saying what they think is right on the white’s faces, like Cassie does in the store in Strawberry. She tells Mr. Barnett that he was ‘â€Å"waiting on them† ’ before he was on the white girl, and that ‘it ain’t fair† to serve the white girl when ‘â€Å"We been waiting on you for near an hour.†Ã¢â‚¬â„¢. She states the facts without understanding and realising the difference the whites make between themselves and the blacks. Moreover she answers back without hesitating and without knowing or thinking what this answer or this reaction might cost her. Mr. Morrison is another example of angry reactions, when we find out that he had a fight with a white on the railways, and because of which he was fired. WISE AND CALM REACTIONS: However, other people in this story react quite differently. Papa, for example, reacts wisely and calmly, always thinking of the consequences. He fights back, but not in a violent or aggressive way. He says to Cassie that ‘â€Å" there’ll be a whole lot of things you ain’t gonna wanna do but you’ll have to dojust so you can survive.’† But he tells her that; on the other hand, ‘â€Å"there are things you can’t back down on, things you gotta take a stand on.†Ã¢â‚¬â„¢ From this we can note that Papa rebels, but silently and calmly. He doesn’t allow his emotions to take the better of him. We see that when he stops going to the Wallace’s store and instead goes to Vicksburg. Another example is Stacey where he gets revenge on the bus driver for splashing them with dirty water and the white children inside who always laughed and jeered at them. He and the others dig a pit in the middle of the road where later the bus falls. Stacey gets his revenge; he rebels, but silently and wisely. He doesn’t do it openly or aggressively. There is Mama too; who fights for her rights and stands up to what she believes is right by not teaching the things that are written in the books. She rebels openly but wisely and in a well thought out way. When she is fired from her job, she is angry but she doesn’t show her anger or use violence to express it. REACTIONS OF SUBMISSION: Unlike the ones mentioned above, who in one way or the other rebel and fight for their rights, there are still some who accept the facts and submit to them. Here we have the example of Big Ma, who doesn’t fight back and accepts the fact that they are blacks and that they are inferior to the whites, the way the whites put it. For instance, when she is in Strawberry and Mr. Simms orders Cassie to apologize, despite Cassie’s protests and hesitation, she tells her to do it. Now we know that in that situation Uncle Hammer would have reacted in a completely different way. This shows how different Big Ma is to him. At that time, at that place, she chose to submit to what Mr. Simms was saying and didn’t fight back. She was right in her own way because she was old and starting a fight there by refusing wouldn’t have been appropriate. We can see that even behind that submission there were reasons which were right in their own way, and that even she wasn’t gla d to tell Cassie to apologize and call Lillian Jean ‘miz’. We can see that when the author says ‘Big Ma looked at me again, her voice cracking as she spoke. â€Å"Go on, childapologize.†Ã¢â‚¬â„¢ However, there are people like Mrs. Crocker who gladly accept the fact that they are inferior to whites and don’t even try to rebel against it. They no longer realise what’s right and what’s wrong, they just do and believe what the whites tell them, and never even dare to think against it. Like when Cassie shows her the book cover and tells her that they called them niggers, Mrs. Crocker says ‘â€Å"That’s what you are†Ã¢â‚¬â„¢ and when Mama is putting papers on the book covers she says to her that ‘â€Å"Mary Logan, you are biting the hand that feeds you.†Ã¢â‚¬â„¢ This shows that she just believes what the whites tell her and she doesn’t want to think otherwise. She accepts it and submits to it. She is even grateful to them for providing them books despite what they call them. Then there is T.J, who longs for popularity and friends. The Simms use him and make fun of him behind his back. But when he does find out he isn’t angry, only bewildered and scared. He too accepts the fact that they used him, though he doesn’t understand why. He doesn’t stand up to people; he just lets them to do whatever they want with him, particularly the whites. CONCLUSION: Summarising, we can see that the reactions of the people depend on the people themselves: the way they think, their personality, what they believe, their nature, what they think is right and what is wrong. There is a variety of reactions in this book: some use anger and violence to fight back, some use calmness and being wise to fight back, and some just don’t rebel. Each one is right and wrong in their own way. We cannot determine or decide which reaction is right and which is not. Research Papers on Reacting to InjusticeBook Review on The Autobiography of Malcolm XEffects of Television Violence on ChildrenWhere Wild and West MeetHarry Potter and the Deathly Hallows EssayThe Masque of the Red Death Room meaningsCapital PunishmentThe Hockey GameHonest Iagos Truth through DeceptionThe Spring and AutumnThree Concepts of Psychodynamic

New Perspective Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

New Perspective - Essay Example To be able to feel what they feel as they see that world as being one of them and not as an outsider poking in. I would also be in touch and be friends with those whom many consider as a â€Å"threat† and see how they perceive things. The only downside to it is that I will also share the prejudices against them and will run the danger of being ostracized. Having a different religion which allows multiple wives (up to four) might allow me to experience how it is to live in an extended family; with different wives or husbands with children or siblings with different mothers or fathers. If the extended family proves to be cohesive, that would be a very strong support system. The downside to it however is that the arrangement is prone to jealousy especially with the wives who has a common husband. And if the husband does not have much, it will really cause trouble on how to keep the multiple wives. If I choose to work in the Middle East or any Arab country, the adjustment would be easier on my part as I will be accepted by the host country as one of their own sharing the same kind of Faith. Although this would subject me to discrimination in non-Muslim country where prejudices against Muslims is strong. I would have the chance to befriend and be really close with peers from school who are Mohammedans. In turn, I will have the opportunity to learn what a typical student does; and see for myself if they are different from us. But this is with the risk that I will be viewed with skepticism for bonding with Muslims and might be accused of being a terrorist! Before the change, I have to admit that I share the prejudices against Muslims. Admittedly, I too view them with skepticism and a bit of fear and spite. But after undergoing the change and living their world, that perspective will change as I understand them more. That

Cinematic Comparison & Analysis Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Cinematic Comparison & Analysis - Essay Example The character of Shylock is that of a Jewish money lender who has been mistreated and misunderstood by the Christian community, particularly by the character Antonio. Shylock’s character stands out because in spite of his ridiculous demand at extracting revenge from Antonio, his character appears to have a great deal of depth. As the plot unfolds, the audience cannot help but feel sad of him as Shylock is a person who has been stereotyped and hurt by his daughter’s betrayal. According to Burnett et al. although the character of Shylock appears only in five out of nineteen scenes in the play, it is his role that captures the most attention. Al Pacino’s execution of the character is as close to perfection as any actor in today’s times could possibly achieve. The character appears to be an individual with an unkempt beard, who walks with a slight limp. Shylock’s role is that of a Jew, whose character can display a variation of emotions and impeccable d ialogue delivery. Much Ado about Nothing cast comprises of a lot of big names that include Oscar winners Emma Thompson and Denzel Washington as Don Pedro, lead villain. The character of Don Pedro is that of the Prince of Aragon, of all the characters in the film, his appears to be most unpredictable. Unlike Shylock’s character that the audience ends up sympathizing with, in spite of the good intentions of Don Pedro, his character fails to attract positive attention. This character is that of a noble man who meddles in the love lives of two other characters in the film. Although the character appears to interfere with good intentions for his friend, the character ends up appearing as manipulative and one that exploits his authority. Although Denzel is a marvelous actor ad executed the lines well, in my opinion this role was not meant for him. Two Historical and Cinematic Adaptations We would consider the two different versions of the same play by Shakespeare â€Å"Merchant of Venice†. Michael Radford’s directorial eye tries to capture the Venetian setting of the sixteenth century. The film depicts the historically beautiful and watery landscape of Venice; the setting depicts brothels and courtesans as the integral part of the entertainment of the Christian society (Pittman, 2007). The film depicts a very racist society, where there are gates in the city to separate the Jews from the Christians who cannot cordially coexist. It is also noticeable that the director wants to identify Shylock as someone who is very particular about finances. He lays slight emphasis on this, when Shylock puts on his glasses while reading ledgers or calculating finances, which is does not appear to have use of in any other scenes. Kenneth Branagh’s Much Ado about Nothing is focused more towards generalization, where costumes, sets and props could belong to any period from 1700 to 1900s. The director has attempted to provide a fairy-tale setting to the film, which was shot in Tuscany Italy with her magical landscape which has not been touch by the modernization for present times (Kenneth Branagh). Two points of view in the Film Michael Radford in his interview with Cynthia Fuchs promoted his movie by suggesting that â€Å"†¦ you have the capacity in movies to bring things alive in ways you just can't in the theater.† The main point of view propagated in the film is the utter mockery of the double standards of the Venetian society of the time in a humorous fashion. The stereotyping of Jews can be

Is Money Happiness Essay Example for Free

Is Money Happiness Essay Benjamin Franklin, a well known Founding Father of the United States among other avenues of pursuit once said, â€Å"Money has never made man happy, nor will it, there is nothing in its nature to produce happiness. The more of it one has the more one wants. † This excerpt founds the question of whether or not money can buy happiness; and can it really? In no way can monetary value equate to true serenity. To closely examine the question in subject, the definition of money and its origin must be examined in coherence with what happiness really is. To compare the two contrary parties, the investigation of state facts of Swaziland, a â€Å"poor† country, and The United States, a â€Å"wealthy† country will be explored. A final analysis and comparison will close the article. A monetary value simply cannot purchase a state of being; that is money cannot buy happiness. II. Money and Happiness A. What is money? 1. Money is simply a unit of exchange in which the transfer of goods and services is exchanged for. Money is synonymous with currency and cash. (Wikipedia: Money) 2. Money allows for the creation of set values of goods and services, and facilitates those trades between producer and worker and consumer and recipient. 3. Money can be recognized as any form of currency, or a medium of exchange a. Shells b. Bones and fossils c. Tokens d. Special rocks and minerals B. What is happiness? 1. Happiness is defined by the Merriam Webster dictionary as â€Å"a state of well-being and contentment or a pleasurable or satisfying experience. (Merriam Webster Dictionary) C. A Time Before Money. Generally, historians agree that money was created at approximately 100,000 B.C. (Wikipedia: History of Money) 2. Before that time, a system of bartering was the only way goods or services could be exchanged. a. â€Å"Barter is a type of trade that doesnt use any medium of exchange, in which goods or services are exchanged for other goods and/or services. † (Wikipedia: Barter) b. For example, if a farmer needed an iron plow for his field, he would have to find a blacksmith that needed apples who then in turn could fabricate a plow for the farmer. In other words, they had to have a coincidence of wants. The transition period between mainstream bartering and a monetary system seems to have emerged from Swaziland at approximately 100,000 B. C. a. This emergence of money was in the simple form of red ochre i. Red ochre are pigments made from naturally tinted clay. Chemically, it is hydrated iron oxide. (Answers: Red Ochre) C. The Symbolic Meaning of Money 1. There are many variants of the true symbolism of money a. One theory directly refers to coin money i. The shape of coin money is generally round. This shape represents the eternal continuation of currency. This round shape also represents the world; again, in it’s ever continuing and developing cycle iii. Together, these ideals represent the ongoing continuation of money throughout the world. b. Another theory applies to paper money i. The square shape that paper money ideally holds is representative of a solid foundation, trust, and solidness. ii. Often times, faces of strong leaders or portraits of influential people will be printed in the currency. These leaders often created the foundation (pioneering or renewed) of any given state, and thus are represented by and represent the country.

John Miltons On the Morning of Christs Nativity :: On the Morning of Christs Nativity Essays

John Milton's On the Morning of Christ's Nativity John Milton was born in 1608 and died in died in 1674. He was by far the most learned man of his time. He influenced men from the Romantic poets to the American Puritans. Moreover, he relied heavily on the historic Christian doctrine of Calvinism. In the first four stanzas of On the Morning of Christ's Nativity Milton paints a beautiful picture of man's redemption in Christ. First, the first four stanzas of Milton's poem have a distinct rhyme scheme. The rhyme scheme is an adaptation of the rhyme scheme in Spenser's The Faerie Queen. In Spenser's poem the stanza rhyme scheme is ababbcbcc. In Milton's poem the rhyme scheme is ababbcc. The two poems have similar rhyme schemes except Spenser's poem has an extra cb. Second, the most common feature of the first four stanzas is the striking allusion. In the stanza, Milton speaks of the "son of Heaven's eternal King" born of a "virgin mother" bringing "redemption from above." The "King of Heaven" is the Christian God. This is a quote from Daniel 4. The virgin mother is Mary, mother of Jesus. This is a prophecy of the birth of Christ from Isaiah 7 fulfilled in Luke 2. The "redemption from above" is the redemption written of in Romans 3:27. The "holy sages once did sing (they prophesied)" about Christ's releasing the elect of death from the Fall (Genesis 3). These prophecies are in Isaiah 9 and 40, among other places. They were fulfilled in Christ's death and resurrection, and God now works a "perpetual peace" in His elect. Â   The second stanza is much like the first, with allusion as the main feature. The "glorious form" and "light insufferable" are symbolic of God. Exodus 33:20 says no man shall see the face of God and live. Here Milton specifically writes about the Son, Jesus Christ. Milton says He sat in "Trinal Unity" at "Heaven's high council-table." "Trinal Unity" refers to the Christian doctrine of the Trinity. All three are separate and distinct Persons of one God. They are in perfect unity. Finally, Milton says Christ forsook His glory and came "here with us." This is a reference to Philippians 2 where Christ "humbles Himself" and makes Himself in "the form of a servant." Finally, Milton says He chose "a darksome house of mortal clay." This alludes to 1 Corinthians 4:7 where Paul calls men "jars of clay.

Myers-Briggs Paper

Mallory Simpson Psych 101: Myers-Briggs Paper Professor Baker 8/13/12 After taking the Myers-Briggs test, I am not at all surprised by the results I was given. 67% introvert is what I was distinctively ranked for personality type and I couldn’t agree more. Next on the list was 44% judging. This particular one leaves me wondering what type of judging? Is it being a judgmental person, or rather judging between the pros and cons of something, or maybe judging based on intuition or discernment. I think that a lot of people that know me would agree with this aspect also. 8% was the score for feeling. Although I agree with the order of the results, I would also put feeling number one. I am most definitely a feeling person. I would assume that this goes along with emotions also. Not only am I worried about how I may feel about a particular situation, I often wonder how the other person may feel as well. Lastly on the list I scored a 25% for sensing. When I think about the difference between an introvert and an extrovert, I think the biggest difference is the ability to sit back, relax, and see the bigger picture.A lot of introverts are quiet and observant and able to see things that an outgoing, always on the go, loud and talkative extrovert may miss. Of course, this may not be the case for every opposite, but I think for the majority it is true. An extrovert has the advantage to get out and seize the opportunity that an introvert may miss which is the biggest positive I see for an extrovert. The Myers-Briggs test was very insightful for me. â€Å"The wise of heart will receive commandments, but a babbling fool will come to ruin. † –Proverbs 10:8

Frederick Douglas And Henry David Thoreau - 950 Words

Frederick Douglas and Henry David Thoreau The life and works of Henry David Thoreau and Frederick Douglass’ has had a lasting impact in the literary field since there work is studied now in most colleges. Although, the writers travelled in the same circle and were both friends of Ralph Waldo Emerson the pair were not friends. In looking at the life and works of the two dynamic literary giants analyzing their common goals, work, and their place in Transcendentalist history will bring more understanding of these authors. The fact that their work is still relevant today is something that Henry David Thoreau and Frederick Douglass have in common and the fact that they are both wrote from the Transcendentalist Era perspective and they both abhorred slavery is also a common factor. 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